-(으)면 — if, when
시간이 있으면 같이 가요. — If you have time, let's go together. Vowel/ㄹ stems: -면 (가면, 살면); consonant stems: -으면 (먹으면).
Three ways to say "because"
| use | |
|---|---|
| -아/어서 | neutral cause; not with commands/suggestions |
| -(으)니까 | reason the speaker gives; fine with commands/suggestions |
| -기 때문에 | formal, emphasizes the cause |
- 추*우니까 창문을 닫으세요.* — It's cold, so close the window. (command → 니까)
추워서 창문을 닫으세요✗- Nouns: (이)니까, 때문에: 비 때문에 — because of the rain.