| pattern | nuance | example |
|---|---|---|
| -(으)ㄴ/는 덕분에 | thanks to (good result) | 도와준 덕분에 끝냈어요 |
| -(으)ㄴ/는 탓에 | because of (blame) | 늦게 일어난 탓에 지각했어요 |
| -는 바람에 | because of (unexpected, bad) | 차가 막히는 바람에 늦었어요 |
| -느라고 | because I was busy doing | 공부하느라고 못 잤어요 |
Nouns: 선생님 덕분에, 비 탓에. -느라고 needs the same subject in both clauses and an action verb, and the result is usually negative. -는 바람에 always takes the -는 form, even for past events, and the main clause is past tense.